Rock Strength Testing Equipment

Rock Strength Testing Equipment

Rock strength is checked in two main ways before heavier compression work is considered. A point load test squeezes a core, block or irregular lump between two hardened platens and reports a point load strength index under ASTM D5731, which is widely used for classification and screening because it needs little or no specimen preparation. A direct shear test slides one half of a specimen over the other under a constant normal force and measures the strength of intact rock or of a joint, as described in ASTM D5607. One result is an index, and the other is the strength of a defined shear plane.

The point load tester is built to be carried to site, with a digital reading, a carbide loading head and battery power, so an exploration core can be tested as it comes. The shear box is a compact two-part frame with a low friction pressure maintainer that holds the normal stress while the specimen changes volume, and it is used in the field and on the bench. Fixtures for hydraulic universal testing machines extend the range to rock and concrete specimens in a large frame. NextGen engineers install and calibrate the equipment, operators are trained, and support continues for the life of the instruments.

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What Rock Strength Tests Measure

The point load test gives an index. From it, engineers estimate the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock, measure anisotropy by comparing the maximum and minimum strength in different directions, classify the rock, work out weathering zones and predict drilling efficiency. Because it needs almost no preparation, a core from an exploration hole can be tested as it comes and an irregular lump needs only minor trimming, so a result arrives in minutes rather than days.

The shear box test works on a plane. One half of the specimen is displaced over the other while the normal force is held constant, and the result is shear strength at each normal stress together with shear stress against displacement. It is used for intact rock and for specimens with a single natural joint or artificial interface, where sliding friction and peak and residual behavior matter.

Standards for Rock Strength Testing

ASTM D5731 describes the point load strength index and allows cores, cut blocks and irregular lumps, with a test diameter range commonly cited as 30 to 85 mm. It is a classification tool and not a substitute for full design-strength testing. ASTM D5607 covers laboratory direct shear strength of rock under constant normal force. The NextGen standard page notes that ASTM has marked it withdrawn, so many laboratories meet it as a legacy requirement and should confirm the reference named in the project. Specimen preparation follows ASTM D4543.

What Affects Rock Strength Results

In a point load test the loading cone is the part that wears, and wear on it changes the reading, which is why the NextGen tester carries a cemented carbide cone. The distance between the loading points limits the sample, not the load, so check it against the core diameter you test. In a shear test the normal stress has to stay where it was set while the specimen dilates, which the pressure maintainer on the normal loading system handles. The surface condition, roughness and discontinuity characteristics also strongly influence direct shear strength.

Rock Strength Testing Equipment from NextGen

The portable point load tester reads up to 100 kN with a 90 mm gap between loading points. The rock shear box apparatus takes samples up to 115 by 125 mm or cores up to 102 mm diameter and comes in a gauge version and a transducer version. The splitting fixtures for rock and concrete are rated to 2000 kN for use with hydraulic universal testing machines. Our rock mechanics article gives an overview of the range.

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One partner to equip your complete rock mechanics laboratory

Rock testing rarely stops at one machine. NextGen equips the whole laboratory, from coring, cutting and core grinding to point load, shear box and abrasivity testing, and stays responsible for it after delivery.

  • Equipment, fixtures and software
  • Installation, training, calibration
  • Lifetime technical support

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FAQs

Choose by the question. The point load tester gives a strength index quickly, in the field or the laboratory, and suits classification and screening. The shear box gives shear strength along a defined plane such as a joint, and suits slope, foundation and underground design where sliding governs. Where the strength of intact rock is wanted and not that of a joint, start with the index. Tell us the core diameter and where the test is done.

Yes. The splitting fixtures for rock and concrete are designed for shear and splitting tests on rock, concrete and composite specimens in hydraulic universal testing machines. The model is rated to 2000 kN, hangs from a flange at the top with a positioning pin at the bottom, needs 450 mm of test space and takes cylindrical samples of 50 by 50 mm or cubes of 50 mm. Send us your machine model and we will check the fit.

The rock shear box is the equipment behind the direct shear test on rock discontinuities in ASTM D5607. It was developed at Imperial College, London, by Professor E. Hoek. The NextGen standard page notes that ASTM has marked D5607 withdrawn, so many laboratories meet it as a legacy requirement. Confirm the reference in your project specification and tell us the sample size, up to 115 by 125 mm or cores to 102 mm.

Both run the same test on the same frame of the rock shear box. The /A comes with five digital gauges of 25 mm range, four vertical and one horizontal, and Bourdon gauges on the pumps. The /D comes with five potentiometric transducers and two pressure transducers that feed an external data logger, supplied as an accessory. Choose the /D when the test must produce a recorded curve and not readings written down by the operator.

The NG-RockStrength runs on a 9 V battery, so no generator has to go to site, and it weighs 93 lb (42 kg) with the jack built into the outer shell. It reads to 100 kN at 0.001 kN resolution with an error under 1% of full scale, on an LCD. The maximum distance between loading points is 90 mm, which covers usual exploration core sizes. The carbide loading cone is the wear part, so hold spares.

From the point load tester index you can estimate the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock, measure anisotropy by comparing the maximum and minimum strength in different directions, classify the rock, work out weathering zones and predict drilling efficiency. ASTM D5731 treats it as a classification and screening tool and not a substitute for design-strength testing, so use it to select specimens for more time-intensive tests.