Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine

The value of a material's ultimate tensile strength does not depend on the size of the test specimen because it is an intense attribute. However, depending on the material, it might also depend on other elements, including how the specimen was prepared, whether or not there were any surface flaws, and how hot the test setting and test material were.

A brittle failure occurs when a material breaks abruptly and without plastic deformation. Others that are more ductile, like the majority of metals, go through some plastic deformation and may neck before they break.

Stress, which is quantified as force per unit area, is the definition of tensile strength. It can be reported as a force or as a force per unit width for some non-homogeneous materials (or for integrated components).

NextGen offer full one-year warranty on parts and labor for Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine

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The setup and use are described in detail in a test method, which is frequently released by a standards body. This details sample preparation, fixturing, gauge length (the length being studied or observed), analysis, and other procedures.

A gauge length change throughout the test is automatically recorded by an extensometer if necessary, once the specimen is placed in the machine between the grips. The machine itself can record the displacement between its cross heads on which the specimen is held if an extensometer is not installed. However, this method also captures all other stretching or elastic parts of the testing apparatus and its driving systems, including any slipping of the specimen in the grips, in addition to the change in length of the specimen.

Once the machine is running, it starts loading the specimen with gradually increasing force. The control system and its associated software keep track of the load and the expansion or compression of the specimen during the testing.

Here are NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine shipping parameters:

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Materials' tensile strength and compressive strength are tested using a universal testing machine (UTM), sometimes referred to as a universal tester, materials testing machine, or materials test frame.

There are numerous versions in use. Typical elements consist of:

Usually made composed of two sturdy supports for the machine, a load frame. Some compact machines only have one support.

A force transducer or other device is needed to measure the load in a load cell. Usually, a quality system or regulatory regulations call for periodic calibration.

Crosshead - A crosshead that can move up or down is controlled. This operates typically at a constant speed and is referred to as a CRE machine (constant rate of extension) machine. The crosshead speed can be programmed on some machines, and they can also perform cyclical testing, testing with constant force, testing with constant deformation, etc. There are four types of drive: resonant, linear, and electromechanical.

NextGen offer fully complement test accessories for Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine

Extensive range of accessories to meet test requirements in almost any application or industry: plastics, metals, biomedical, composites, elastomers, components, automotive, aerospace, textiles, and more.

• Tension grip
• Peel/tear fixture
• Compression fixture
• Flexure fixture
• Film COF test fixture
• S type load cells: 10N~5kN
• Long travel extensometer
• Clip-on extensometer
• Environmental chamber
• T-slot table
• Others

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The EML Class B Series addresses the needs of standardized and routine testing, providing the user high quality at the most affordable price. NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine is a high quality machine with affordable pricing:

• Heavy strength bearings and pre-loaded ball screws ensure extended life, zero backlashes, and linear low force and through zero performance. As a result, measurements are precise and reproducible, accurately reflecting specimen features as opposed to load frame flaws;
• Fully-protected lead screw covers offer longer life and higher operator protection;
• Access to the test area is made easier by easy-to-clean aluminum column covers with chamfered corners;
• High-speed, low vibration, top-of-the-line, maintenance-free AC servo motor and servo controller;
• Photoelectrical encoder built-in servo motor system;
• Built-in bidirectional load cell is assembled in the middle crosshead to prevent any collisions;
• Built-in T-slots are built in for simple, convenient attachment and positioning of testing accessories;
• All frames have dual action overtravel limitations, which offer the highest level of security and adhere to all international regulations;
• Test operation is made easier with the remote control keypad;
• The NG-400 controller provides high-speed data gathering with 8-CH A/D conversion;
• complete parts and labour warranty for a year;
• The upgraded software is free.

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The EML Class B Series provides the customer with high quality at the most competitive price to meet the needs of standardized and routine testing. The two-column Class B testing systems are appropriate for testing applications requiring load ranges between 10N and 10kN, including tension, compression, flexure, and other tests. The plastics and rubber sectors are primarily used for quality control and production testing.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine uses USB 2.0 communication.

Utilizing a USB 2.0 interface and moving data at a 12Mb/s speed, hardware and software exchange data. The main communication development path is toward USB, which will eventually replace other communication methods because of its high communication speed and variety of communication modes (including controlling, breaking, batch, real-time, etc.).

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Due to their superior short - and long-term mechanical and chemical properties, polypropylene (PP) and its composites are the preferred materials for many applications. Additionally, PP has the lowest density of any thermoplastic, making it popular and appealing in a variety of circumstances.

The mechanical properties of the materials are determined using stress-strain diagrams. The greatest value in the stress-strain relationship is the yield stress, and the modulus of elasticity is represented by the slope of the relation's initial linear section.

After an initial liner viscus (elastic) reaction, the tensile strength achieves its highest value before falling to a lower value that nearly remains constant (particularly at a cross-head speed of 20 and 50 mm/min) until a complete fracture occurs.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine crosshead travel is 39.4" / 100cm (Can be extended to 130cm).

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In restorative clinical practice, direct resin composite is the restorative material that is most frequently used. The material is used by clinicians as anterior and posterior restorative materials because of its mechanical properties, which are constantly changing. Evaluation of the material properties, such as compressive strength, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and flexural strength, serve as a bridge between fundamental material sciences and clinical applications due to the ongoing evolution of resin composite materials.

Testing for the diametral tensile strength of brittle materials with little to no plastic deformation was created for this purpose. In this test, a compressive stress is applied to a cylindrical specimen in the diametral plane, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. A universal testing device is used to evaluate the strength properties, and its typical crosshead speed is 0.5 mm/min.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine crosshead speed accuracy is within ±1.0% / ±0.5% of set speed.

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The tensile test is one of the most significant tensile tests, and due to its widespread use and acceptance as the most effective test method for determining the mechanical properties of primarily metallic materials, it is also one of the most important tensile tests. Additionally, it has the advantage of being able to fracture any substance while still adhering to the law of mathematical similarity.

The length of the testing rod is tracked and recorded by a tensile sensor that is directly attached to it. The slant of this portion of the tension chart includes both the elastic behaviour of the testing bar and the bending stresses of ripping machine elements—machine frame, dynamometer, and jaws—if the expansion of the test section is acquired from the motion of the tearing machine's cross member.

The linearity is lost, and there is a departure from the initial linear trend due to the commencement of plastic deformation accumulation, even though the distortion is constant over the section between points U and P. When the defined dependency peaks, the stress is at its highest location in the figure. It develops with increasing distortion.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine crosshead speed is 0.001 - 500mm/min.

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Finding out a material's mechanical characteristics, yield strength, and flexibility by tensile testing is damaging. It determines the amount of force required to break a hybrid or plastic specimen as well as the length or elongation the specimen must undergo to reach that breaking point.

The most typical test for fundamental composite laminates is in-plane tensile testing. Tensile tests are performed on resin-impregnated fibre bundles (also known as "tows"), through-thickness samples (samples taken from thick lamination parts), and sandwich core material portions. Because polymers are anisotropic and frequently brittle, alignment is essential for composite testing applications. Anisotropy refers to how a material's characteristics and tensile strength vary depending on how a load or stress is applied. As a result, the tensile strength of a composite material is significantly reduced when tested in any direction other than the direction parallel to the fibre orientation. Unexpectedly, the tensile test requires superior axial-load-string alignment to determine the maximum tensile strength in the direction parallel to the fibre direction, which is crucial for the aerospace sector.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine position resolution is 0.027μm.

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The amount of force applied to the sample is measured by load cells. These also come in various capacities, just like frames. The load cell will break before the sample if the capacity of the chosen load cell is less than the specified breaking strength. A load cell's resolution normally drops to 1%. Thus if it has a capacity that is too large, the test results may not be as precise as intended. For instance, a sample that breaks with less than 1 lb of force would be too heavy for a 1,000 lb load cell.

Depending on how your system is configured, you might require a controller or an indicator. The test frame's behaviour during testing, including the test speed and displacement, is controlled by controllers, as the name suggests. An indicator may be all that is needed in certain circumstances. While capturing and displaying test data, indicators do not operate the equipment.

For tension testing, a variety of grips and fittings are available. To hold different materials securely, different fixturing are needed. For instance, because of how the materials respond to tensile stresses, a sample composed of metal demands a different grip than a stretchy piece of rubber. For reliable results, choosing the right grips for your application is essential.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine position accuracy: ±0.50% of reading.

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The frame of the universal test machine offers the support and rigidity required to tear apart the sample at the specified rate. A wide range of capacities is offered for frames in electromechanical and servo-hydraulic designs. Choosing a frame that can bear the force required to test the sample is crucial.

The offset approach estimates yield for materials where the initial linear region does not have a distinct termination. The offset method overlays a line with a slope equal to the beginning slope of the stress-strain curve over the material's stress-strain curve. The line is usually 0.2% off-centre along the strain axis (it crosses the strain axis at = 0.002). The place where this line and the stress-strain curve connect is known as the offset yield point.

In general, the following tools are required to perform tension testing:

• Frame for a universal test device
• Load cell
• Indicator or controller
• Right grips utilization and fixturing to hold your sample.

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The amount of force per unit of cross-sectional area is known as stress. When expressed as a percentage, strain is the ratio of the new length to the old length. Plots of stress vs. strain are used in tensile testing to depict the results.

The area of the stress-strain curve known as elastic deformation is where deformation can be undone by decreasing stress. Additionally, it is the area where stress and strain are most closely matched. On a stress-strain curve, it is the first linear segment that can be seen.

The point on the stress-strain curve where the plot first starts to veer away from Young's modulus line. Depending on the subject matter, this departure is frequently gradual.

The utmost amount of stress a material can endure before failing is known as the ultimate tensile strength. This represents the stress-strain curve's highest value.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine force resolution is 1/500,000FS.

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When choosing acceptable materials for research and development, tensile testing is crucial. Additionally, tensile testing can be used to confirm that materials meet minimum strength and elongation standards.

Conducting precise and dependable tensile testing is an important need since lives could depend on the quality of your materials and products, from safety harnesses to suspension bridge cables.

Materials' behaviour under tension loads is predicted via tensile tests. A sample is typically tugged until it breaks in a straightforward tensile test to ascertain the material's maximum tensile strength. Throughout the test, the sample's elongation (L) and the amount of force (F) applied to it are assessed. The terms stress (force per unit area) and strain (percent change in length) are frequently used to describe the properties of materials. Stress is calculated by dividing the force readings by the sample's cross-sectional area (σ = F/A). By dividing the length change by the sample's original length, strain measurements are obtained (ε = ∆L/L). A stress-strain curve, an XY plot of these parameters, is then displayed.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine force accuracy is ±1.0% / ±0.5% of reading.

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Manufacturers can thoroughly picture a product's tensile qualities by measuring it in tension. This data produces a stress/strain curve shown on a graph, illustrating how the material responded to the applied forces. Although different standards call for measuring various mechanical properties, the most important ones are typically the point of failure, elastic modulus, yield strength, and strain.

The ultimate tensile strength of a material is one of the most crucial characteristics we can determine about it (UTS). This is the greatest amount of stress that the test subject can withstand. Depending on whether the material is brittle, ductile, or has characteristics of both, the UTS may or may not be equivalent to the specimen's strength at break. When a material is evaluated in the lab, it may be ductile. Still, when used in service and exposed to extremely cold temperatures, it may change behaviour and become brittle.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine force range is: 0.2% - 100%FS / 0.4 - 100%FS.

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The majority of tensile tests are conducted in accordance with recognized standards that are available from organizations like ASTM and ISO. For several types of raw materials, including metals, polymers, elastomers, textiles, and composites, as well as for completed goods, including medical devices, automotive components, and consumer electronics, testing standards specify acceptable test parameters and findings. These criteria guarantee that goods entering the supply chain have predictable mechanical characteristics and are unlikely to malfunction when put to use as intended. Companies are encouraged to invest in high-quality, precise testing equipment designed to assist them in quickly assessing whether or not their products meet applicable requirements because of the financial and safety implications of product failure, which cannot be understated.

To achieve reliable test results, it is crucial to have a solid understanding of crosshead compliance and strain control. Test control methods are a key factor in metals testing.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine load frame configuration is Dual column, Table-top (integrated), Electromechanical.

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The simplest and most typical kinds of mechanical testing are carried out by a tensile testing machine. In a tensile test, a material is pulled with tensile force to determine how the specimen reacts to the stress. Tensile tests establish a material's strength and elongation limit in this way. Tensile tests are commonly performed using electromechanical or universal testing equipment, are straightforward to carry out, and are completely standardized.

Tensile testing equipment, often called universal testing equipment, is used to conduct tensile tests. A test frame with a load cell, testing software, application-specific grips and accessories, and extensometers make up a tensile testing machine. A single machine can be modified to test any material within its force range by simply modifying the fixturing, depending on the type of material being tested.

The typical specimen are: Small components, reinforced plastics, soft metals, wire, composites, elastomers, wood products, textiles, biomaterials, paper products, adhesives, foam, consumer products.

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The two column Class B testing systems are appropriate for testing applications requiring load ranges between 10N and 10kN, including as tension, compression, flexure, and other tests.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine features:

• Full range of robust, small dual column load frames;
• Precision, pre-loaded ball screws;
• High-speed, low-vibration electromechanical drive;
• Guides for linear motion for better alignment;
• A flexible, user-friendly program with a pre-programmed library of industrial standards (including ASTM, ISO, DIN, EN, BS, and others);
• Closed loop controllers with high resolution integrated into the load frame;
• Crosshead position, overload, over-temperature, over-voltage, and other automatic limit checks;
• Extensometers, environmental systems, and a full range of grips and fittings;
• Dependable test space security.

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The EML class B Series responds to the demands of routine and standardized testing, offering the user outstanding quality at the most competitive price. NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine has the following software:

• Multi-language software with built in English, Chinese and Russian, and user can customize their own translation freely
• Pre-packaged test methods to help you quickly and efficiently meet the requirements of global test standards such as ASTM, ISO, DIN, EN, BS, and more
• Intuitive expression for easy programming of testing standards and testing process
• Testing report can be customized according to the requirement
• User authorization: The administrator can assign different functions for different level users
• Analysis can give typical test results like Young’s modulus, Proof stress, Yield stress, stress, strain, Tensile strength, Elongation at break, compressive strength, bending strength, etc….

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Flexible cellular materials' indentation hardness is a gauge of how well they can support loads. This International Standard outlines four methods (A to D) for determining the indentation hardness of flexible cellular materials and one method (E) for determining the compressive deflection coefficient and hysteresis loss rate.

Only these five techniques are used for latex foam, urethane foam, and PVC foam of the open-cell variety. The procedures listed can be used for bulk material characterization as well as testing of completed products. The techniques listed below are detailed in this International Standard:

1. Method A - Determining the 40%/30 s indentation hardness index, which provides a single indentation measurement for laboratory test purposes;
2. Method B - Determining the 25%-40%-65%/30 s indentation hardness characteristics, which provides details about the shape of the hardness indentation curve;
3. Method D - Determining the 40% indentation hardness check, which is a quick procedure suitable for quality control testing;
4. Method D, which is a quick procedure appropriate for an inspection test and determines the 25%/20 s low indentation hardness index;
5. Method E, which determines the compressive deflection coefficient and hysteresis loss rate and provides additional details about the load-bearing capabilities of materials.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine complies with ISO 2439 standard.

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The force-proving device may be fastened to the testing machine with threaded studs to calibrate tension and compression modes on testing systems without compression platens. In this instance, the force-proving instrument must have been calibrated similarly (i.e., with threaded studs), and rotation over an angle of 120° is necessary between each series of readings while the testing machine is being calibrated. One calibration could be carried out if the machine has two work areas with a common force application and signalling device, for example, to make compression in the upper work area equal to the tension in the lower work area and vice versa. A pertinent note should be included on the certificate.

The calibration must be performed between 10 and 35 °C of ambient temperature. The verification report must include a remark about the temperature used for the calibration.

NextGen’s Class B – Dual Column Bench Top Units – 1kN-10kN – Universal Tensile Testing Machine complies with ISO 7500 standard.

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