The RPA Ultra is a closed cavity moving die rheometer that offers unconstrained oscillation strain and a frequency breakthrough of up to 100 Hz thanks to a rotating lower die. The advanced RPA device measures the dynamic and static characteristics of raw rubber compounds and elastomers throughout the curing process. Another technological advance is the increased shear rate range, which now spans 0.001 to 500 1/s. A high shear rate might be used to imitate the extrusion process in a genuine production setting. Learn more about rubber testing equipment here.
Due to the innovative engineering of the advanced rubber process analyzer, the sealed biconical dies and their capacity to significantly reduce slippage during a testing process. the RPA Ultra advanced rheometer can excel in measurement repeatability and reproducibility. As a terrific addition to the RPA Ultra, the new BareissOne software makes your testing process much simpler to manage and the findings much clearer. Click here if you want to check more Rubber Testing equipment from NextGen Material Testing.
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RPA Ultra Rotational Lower Die | RPA Automatic Sample Loading System | RPA Ultra Film Catridge |
RPA Steady Share Viscosity Graph
One of the most crucial features for defining the process parameters for extrusion and injection molding is the constant shear viscosity. It is essential for understanding the manufacturing process of an unvulcanized rubber compound. The RPA Ultra offers the operator two test modes: dynamic and sustained shear, thanks to its rotating bottom die with limitless strain.
Rubber Process Analyzer Wall Slip Graph
The problem of Wall Slip is a severe obstacle in producing rubber compounds. Slippage can happen, for instance, between the extruder wall and the flowing material and is a rheological event. As an alternative, we provide a defined polished die set in place of the upper die. Thus, this enables the execution of Wall Slip tests in conjunction with internal controlled pressure.
RPA Isothermal Test Graph
The isothermal cure tests on rubber compounds are among the most common and essential studies done. The BareissOne software determines all significant test parameters, including maximum and lowest torque, TC values, reaction time and rate, etc., and makes them available to the user in tabular or/and graphical form for additional analysis.
RPA Ultra Non-Isothermal Test Graph
Non-isothermal measurements (temperature sweep) are frequently performed at various heating rates to assess a sample's behaviour over a wide temperature range. The BareissOne program includes a module for kinetic calculations made possible by this measurement at various heating rates.
RPA Moving Die Rheometer Kinetics Graph
An isothermal test provides data for each temperature, including incubation duration, reaction sequence, and conversion rate constant. The computation complies with the DIN 53529 specification. Next, the activation energies of the incubation and the conversion can also be determined using the incubation period and the conversion rate constant at least three different temperatures. These are crucial variables for calculating the test specimen's heating time and are also used in the production process.
RPA Ultra Frequency Sweep Graph
The user thoroughly follows the viscoelastic behaviour and molecular structure by analyzing a sample over a broad range of frequencies (molecular weight and molecular weight distribution). Moreover, due to the sample's frequency-dependent behavior, several viscoelastic parameters, including complex modulus, elastic modulus, loss modulus, complex viscosity, phase angle, etc., are calculated at each frequency.
RPA Ultra Strain Sweep Graph
A specimen's behaviour can be seen when it is measured over a broad strain range, such as the linear viscoelastic range (LVE) up to large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). The Payne test, used to analyze the (filler/polymer) filler networks at low strain amplitudes, provides the details on the filler content and filler dispersion levels.
RPA Ultra Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) Graph
LAOS is a strain sweep used to examine and assess a sample's nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour at relatively large amplitudes.
The polymer architecture of a substance—linear or branched polymer—determines its nonlinear behaviour. For FT- Rheology, the LAOS data are also utilized. Using the harmonic spectrum from Fourier analysis, the LCB index (Long Chain Branching) or the Q parameter is calculated (FFT).
One parameter (frequency or strain) is held constant while the other parameter (frequency or strain) is adjusted over a range in the frequency and strain sweeps previously mentioned. On top of that, due to the flexibility of matrix testing, which enables the user to alter both the frequency and strain during a sweep, more data can be obtained from a single measurement.
RPA Ultra - Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer | |
Max. shear rate in rotation | 500 1/s |
Max. shear rate in oscillation | 100 1/s |
Max. ramp rat | 1.33°C/s-> 80°C/m |
Max. cool rat | 0.5°C/ |
Die config | Sealed die, biconical and plate-plate |
Drive system | High dynamic torque motor, High resolution controller |
Oscillation frequency | 0.001 to 100 Hz |
Oscillation strain | +/- 0.001° to unlimited, ‚+/- 0.014% to unlimited -> rotational |
Temperature range | Ambient to 235°C |
Measured data |
Torque, temperature, frequency, strain; Optional: Normal force, die pressure |
Caculated data |
S ́, S ̋, S*, G ́, G ̋, G*, tan |
Die gap |
0.45 mm nominal |
Sample volume |
4.5 cm^2 |
Electrical |
400V/16A |
Closing system |
Soft closing to prevent foil rips and damage of test samples, optionally variable closing force |
Torque range |
0.0001 to 250 dNm |
Normal force / Pressure (opt) |
up to 10 kN |
Subroutines |
Isothermal, Non-Isothermal, Timed, Temperature Sweep, Strain Sweep, Frequency Sweep, Steady Shear, Relaxation, Hysteresis, Tension Test, LAOS,Matrix Test |
Interface |
Ethernet |
Data points |
Over 3500 data points available for each static subtest Including S‘ Min, |
Pneumatics |
min. 4.5 Bar (11.5 kN) / 60 psi |
The rubber items will first undergo internal and external cleaning. Prior to submitting the rubber products to lab testing and inspections, this phase makes sure that any unwelcome or unclean components have already been removed. The rubber goods are first cleaned, and after that, they are visually examined. The condition of the products can be determined visually. As they already provide certain threats to the users, those that already have cracks, punctures, and scratches are excluded from further testing.
Electrical testing comes after rubber testing. The maximum electrical voltage that the rubber products can withstand is checked in this step. Testing is not conducted on rubber items that cannot operate at the appropriate electrical voltage because they would quickly catch fire from the heat. To determine whether the rubber materials can withstand the strain, fracture propagation, and crack nucleation, they are tested in various operating settings and severe fatigue scenarios.
The rubber products are then certified and date-stamped to show that numerous testing procedures have been completed successfully. Finally, the certified rubber products are packaged and delivered.
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Today, a variety of industries have the choice to make the most of a wide range of materials when making their components and products. Rubber is one of the materials they frequently use.
Due to its many benefits, rubber is one of the most frequently used materials. For starters, rubber products have extraordinarily high tensile and tear strengths, making them appropriate for the majority of industrial and even household uses. Rubber components and goods are renowned for their resistance to friction and abrasion. Even harsh temperatures are no match for them.
Testing rubber products ensures that they can be used safely and determines whether or not they are compatible with particular uses. Project locations and manufacturing facilities that prioritize defective or incompatible rubber materials risk catastrophic failures. Testing them can prevent injuries and damage to adjacent individuals as well as to nearby items and equipment. By doing this, users can also gain extensive knowledge about the rubber materials that are ideal for their processes.
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ODR (oscillating disc rheometer) and MDR (moving die rheometer) are the two types of rheometers used in the rubber business. However, they serve similar functions.
We close the rheometer after placing a piece of raw, unvulcanized rubber within its cavity. The type of compound and the crosslinking technique determine the temperature at which the rubber compound is exposed to pressure (vulcanization). Inside the cavity of the ODR rheometer is a biconical rotor that oscillates left and right by an average of 3 degrees. The sensor measures the resistance that the rubber exerts against the rotating rotor during the vulcanization process.
The stiffness or viscoelastic qualities of the compound determine the torque needed to cause oscillation. Thus, a degree of vulcanization as a function of time and temperature is measured by the rheometer. A vulcanization curve or rheometric curve is represented by the graph of the torque curve on the rotor as a function of time.
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Testing of polymers, like rubber, is done to determine the type of polymer, physical characteristics, mechanical properties, and crucial tests like low temperature testing down to -60°, ozone crack test, abrasion test, tensile test, compression test, etc.
Raw rubber compounds do not show any elastomeric characteristics. The rubber compounds must go through the vulcanization process in order to achieve this, which requires the molecular chains to be crosslinked together. When rubber compounds are being vulcanized, a rheometer is a laboratory tool used to measure their viscoelastic qualities.
ODR (oscillating disc rheometer) and MDR (moving die rheometer) are the two types of rheometers used in the rubber business. However, they serve similar functions.
The compound becomes harder throughout the vulcanization process, which takes place in the cavity. Increase both the force and the torque on the rotor at the same time. Because the rubber has non-Newtonian characteristics, it also has an elastic and viscous component. The degree of vulcanization directly correlates with the shear forces.
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Many manufacturing businesses use rubber property testing as a critical component of their delivery of our daily consumables, including apparel, a variety of seals (leak protectors), production conveyor belts, and even stationary utensils. The characteristics of rubber elastomers are both special and advantageous. These compounds are virtually often used, making quality testing of them important because they are fundamental to both our daily lives and the production processes.
There are numerous categories for rubbers, including Natural Rubbers, Silicones, and many in between, including Nitrile, Hypalon, and Styrene Butadiene. These are categorized according to their physical characteristics, which include things like resistance to things like oil, heat, sunlight, ozone, and flames, as well as things like tensile, elongation, water, oxygen, and abrasion. Rubbers are utilized as seals in many different manufacturing processes to create a leak-proof environment for materials like chemicals, oils, fuels, and other high-temperature elements.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra - Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer is :
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The incredibly dependable rubber automation system is compatible with BrassOne rotorless curemeters and rheometers. Rubber samples may be tested automatically using this carousel-based autosampler. The automated rheometer transforms into a highly integrated component of the factory control process when combined with the Scarabaeus Software's automated analysis, statistics, and control chart generation. In a research or product development context, this increased data flow is especially crucial for screening several formulations.
A suction transfer system is used to convey samples from the autosampler tray to the test position. Uncured rubber from a variety of sources can be used because this technology is very forgiving of non-ideal sample geometries. In order to maintain production, samples are loaded into a carousel, where additional specimens may be added even as another test is running. A suction transfer system is used to convey samples from the autosampler tray to the test position. Uncured rubber from a variety of sources can be used because this technology is very forgiving of non-ideal sample geometries. In order to maintain production, samples are loaded into a carousel, where additional specimens may be added even as another test is running.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra - Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer has Soft closing to prevent foil rips and damage of test samples, optionally variable closing force.
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To seal the sample effectively and consistently, all NextGen rotorless rheometers and curemeters use a high-pressure pneumatic system. During gap closure, the high-capacity pneumatic system provides up to 8 bar of nominal pressure on the sample. Mechanical bearings are used to guarantee efficient load transfer from the system to the sample without incurring load frame losses. Direct measurements and records are made of the actual sealing pressure. The test specimen is tightly contained by this high-pressure automated sample containment, which also eliminates operator dependence. For materials that experience positive or negative volumetric changes during curing as well as extremely stiff materials like carbon-filled fluoroelastomers, this sealing process is crucial.
The test specimen is tightly contained by this high pressure automated sample containment, which also eliminates operator dependence. For materials that experience positive or negative volumetric changes during curing as well as extremely stiff materials like carbon-filled fluoroelastomers, this sealing process is crucial.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer is manufactured in Germany.
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The RPA Ultra is the ideal solution for labs that require extra testing capacity since it offers the best quality rubber rheometer data on a user-configurable platform. All of the same premium features are present in the RPA Ultra, including the ultra-rigid test frame, variable direct drive motor, exclusive ultrahigh-stiffness torque transducer, precise temperature control with optional cooling, an available autosampler, potent control and analysis software. The fundamental model enables all MDR standard cure testing (ASTM/DIN/ISO) by providing a broad continuous strain range and user-defined frequency. Additionally, any or all of the RPA Ultra's functions, such as variable strain, frequency, stress relaxation, advanced oscillation, LAOS testing, and sample pressure monitoring, can be configured into the RPA Ultra or upgraded to accommodate them.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer has a film cartridge.
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The processing and ultimate characteristics of rubber, polymer, and elastomer materials are assessed by rubber testing. Rubber is utilised in goods that must endure deformation and preserve their original shape in automotive, industrial, consumer, and construction applications. Rubber is used in various products that profit from its special material features, from tough tyres to rebounding kickballs.
Rheometers, curemeters, and viscometers are used during rubber testing to enhance production and end-use qualities. Important properties of rubber, such as minimum and maximum viscosity, scorch time, and conversion time, are measured by rubber rheometers. Under isothermal and non-isothermal test circumstances, rubber compounds' curing profiles are measured by curemeters at constant, user-defined strain and frequency. Rubber polymers and compounds are tested for standard viscosity, scorch resistance, and stress relaxation under isothermal test conditions using viscometers.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer has an Automatic Sample Loading System.
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The MDR one Moving Die Rheometer (MDR) is a rotorless curemeter that is dependable, accurate, and simple to use, making it ideal for routine and standards-based testing of rubber curing. The MDR one is set up to measure rubber compound curing profiles in both isothermal and non-isothermal test environments while maintaining constant user-defined strain and frequency. Seal biconical dies that adhere to all pertinent ASTM, ISO, and DIN standards are used in the MDR one. The innovative design makes it the perfect platform for QC or R&D settings thanks to its direct drive motor, precision temperature control with optional cooling, and user-friendly Scarabaeus Software for control and analysis. A multi-functional transducer for sample pressure measurement, such as gas production in cellular rubber composites, is an optional configuration for the MDR one.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer is equipped with rotational lower die.
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The RPA Ultra is a closed cavity moving die rheometer that, as a result of a revolving bottom die, provides unrestricted oscillation strain and a frequency breakthrough of up to 100 Hz. Throughout the curing process, the sophisticated RPA gadget measures the dynamic and static properties of raw rubber compounds and elastomers. A further development in technology is the expanded shear rate range, which currently covers 0.001 to 500 1/s.
Owing to the sophisticated rubber process analyzer's creative engineering, sealed biconical dies, and ability to reduce slippage during a testing procedure considerably. When it comes to measurement reliability and reproducibility, the RPA Ultra advanced rheometer can shine. The new BareissOne software is a fantastic addition to the RPA Ultra since it makes managing your testing process much easier and the results much clearer.
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Using blowing agents to generate a cellular design frequently improves the density and mechanical performance of the final product. During their breakdown and the curing reaction, these blowing agents produce gas. It is possible to characterize both curing and blowing in a single experiment by measuring sample pressure during the curing reaction and quantifying the blowing reaction. In order for the final result to have the proper cell architecture, these two processes must be balanced.
Processing greatly affects the van der Waals interactions, which enhance modulus in rubber packed with carbon black. In this illustration, identical samples are taken out of the mixer and milled for various amounts of time. Up to 8 minutes of milling, the carbon network structure was reduced with each additional minute of milling, after which the modulus did not vary with milling time. This gives important details on how much milling is required to get a consistent working material.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer pneumatic parameters are min. 4.5 Bar (11.5 kN) / 60 psi.
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One of the most common and important tests performed on rubber compounds are the isothermal cure tests.
Experiments with isothermal curing are essential for manufacturing rubber and elastomers. BrassOne rubber rheometers offer highly accurate data that is easy to interpret. It is simple and automatic to determine every significant feature, including minimum and maximum viscosity, scorch time, and conversion time. For comparison or alternative studies, the data can alternatively be handled completely pictorial.
The RPA may conduct non-isothermal cure tests in addition to the widely used isothermal cure techniques. These experiments are especially useful for imitating non-isothermal industrial processes because they may be designed to follow almost any temperature profile. To provide a more comprehensive set of material data, non-isothermal curing investigations can be combined with isothermal testing like strain and frequency sweeps before or after cure.
Here are NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer data points:
Over 3500 data points available for each static subtest Including S‘ Min,
S‘ Max, TS 1, TS 2, TC 10,
TC 30, TC 50, TC 90
Integrated, automatic reporting features for dynamic tests
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One of the most effective ways to comprehend the molecular structure of a material is to measure its frequency-dependent viscoelastic characteristics. A frequency sweep can reveal details about the molecular weight distribution and average molecular weight (crossover frequency) (crossover modulus).
Standard test procedures frequently specify that a single strain and frequency value (0.5°, 1.67 Hz) be used for all materials, yet these are not necessarily the best circumstances for all materials. In the current example, the test material is isothermally cured five times each at each of three deformation amplitudes. The experimental variability is rather wide at the standards of 0.5° and 0.4°. This is because the strains used in these studies are greater than the material's linear viscoelastic limit. Testing at a lower amplitude (0.3°) yields reliable results with much-increased reproducibility.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer subroutines are Isothermal, Non-Isothermal, Timed, Temperature Sweep, Strain Sweep, Frequency Sweep, Steady Shear, Relaxation, Hysteresis, Tension Test, LAOS,Matrix Test.
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A certified torque calibration instrument simplifies torque calibration. This feature enables the user to calibrate the instrument themselves, improving data accuracy and efficiency while decreasing the need for service engineers to do the calibration.
A patented broad-range stiff torque transducer is advantageous for the RPA Ultra. This durable, non-compliant tool accurately and precisely measures the greatest variety of torques. The observed torque, modulus, and viscosity values are now much more accurate and precise.
A high-pressure pneumatic system is used by the RPA Ultra to reliably and properly seal the sample. During gap closure, the high-capacity pneumatic system applies up to 8 bars of nominal pressure. Mechanical bearings are used to guarantee efficient load transfer from the system to the sample without incurring load frame losses. Direct measurements and records are made of the actual sealing pressure. This high-pressure automated sample containment tightly contains the test specimen, which eliminates operator dependence. This sealing process is crucial for materials that experience positive or negative volumetric changes during curing, as well as extremely stiff materials like carbon-filled fluoroelastomers.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Torque Range is 0.0001 to 250 dNm
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A certified torque calibration instrument simplifies torque calibration. This feature enables the user to calibrate the instrument themselves, improving data accuracy and efficiency while decreasing the need for service engineers to do the calibration.
A patented broad-range stiff torque transducer is advantageous for the RPA Ultra. This durable, non-compliant tool accurately and precisely measures the greatest variety of torques. The observed torque, modulus, and viscosity values are now much more accurate and precise.
A high-pressure pneumatic system is used by the RPA Ultra to reliably and properly seal the sample. During gap closure, the high-capacity pneumatic system applies up to 8 bars of nominal pressure. Mechanical bearings are used to guarantee efficient load transfer from the system to the sample without incurring load frame losses. Direct measurements and records are made of the actual sealing pressure. This high-pressure automated sample containment tightly contains the test specimen, which eliminates operator dependence. This sealing process is crucial for materials that experience positive or negative volumetric changes during curing, as well as extremely stiff materials like carbon-filled fluoroelastomers.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Torque Range is 0.0001 to 250 dNm
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In the RPA Ultra, a strong direct drive motor applies precise deformation. The accurate application of a constant rate, step, or periodic deformation is essential for a high-quality rheological or dynamic measurement. Start-up lags, compliance issues, and translational losses present in clutch- or belt-driven designs are not present in direct drive systems. The RPA elite's improved motor design makes sure that the sample is always subjected to the most precise and repeatable deformations.
In any rubber rheometer, the RPA Ultra uses the highest ratio of continuously changeable frequency and amplitude. This gives crucial, pertinent information like:
The RPA Ultra die surfaces have radial serrations that are strategically placed to ensure constant sample contact even at the highest strain levels. To improve sample release and eliminate the need to clean dies between experiments, polyester or polyamide films may be utilized.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer sample volume is 4.5 cm^2.
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The sealed cavity biconical die design, which is the industry standard, is used in the RPA Ultra rotorless shear rheometer. The dies are made of sturdy, highly rigid, low thermal expansion stainless steel to reduce system compliance and stop temperature-related gap variations. The motor below and the torque transducer above are directly connected to the test fixtures for accurate measurement and deformation control.
Under isothermal, step, and temperature ramp circumstances, direct-contact electric heaters positioned inside the dies offer exceptional temperature control and stability. When a cold sample is added, this extremely responsive device quickly returns to the programmed test temperature, giving the most accurate readings for scorch time and other cure properties. Absolute sample containment is provided by extremely robust user-replaceable seals in all temperatures and environmental factors.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Die Gap is 0.45 mm nominal.
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The brand-new rubber testing equipment is specially created to provide the greatest level of torque, amplitude, frequency, temperature, and pressure measurement and control, establishing a NEW STANDARD for testing rubber goods at all phases of production.
The most sophisticated data processing techniques are required for rubber testing due to the complicated deformations and stress-strain response. The RPA Ultra from BrassOne performs computations based on an analysis of 90 data points for each cycle of oscillation, using a cutting-edge 20-bit encoder and innovative data sampling methodology.
Torque and displacement non-linearities are measured and reported by the RPA Ultra. If the test conditions are not optimal, higher harmonics that indicate non-linearity in the applied displacement or estimated torque are displayed for each data point, alerting the operator with a straightforward indicator and saving this information for further data validation.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyze can calculate the following data:
S ́, S ̋, S*, G ́, G ̋, G*, tan
δ, phase angle, cure
speed, η ́, η ̋, η*
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The RPA Ultra's crosshead and testing frame are incredibly rigid, eliminating instrument compliance's impact on test results. Erroneously low values of measured characteristics like modulus and torque, irregular strain and torque waveform signals, and other mistakes are caused by instrument compliance, also known as instrument deformation.
The H-shaped load frame of the RPA Ultra has a robust crosshead brace and large-diameter steel rods that provide unequalled strength to withstand instrument deflection as the motor deforms the sample. Even for completely loaded, fully cured rubbers, its unique design guarantees that the desired strain is achieved with each cycle of deformation. Additionally, under all circumstances, a non-compliant system permits genuinely sinusoidal strain profiles. The improved design also ensures accurate vertical load application, accurate alignment, and smooth motion.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer measures the following data: Torque, temperature, frequency, strain; Optional: Normal force, die pressure.
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This mathematical relationship is no longer applicable for polymers with unknown LCB (Long Chain Branching) levels. In the case of polymer discrimination or quality control, however, computing and reporting the crossover point coordinates for these materials is exceedingly efficient and sensitive—at least much more so than Mooney. In this situation, it's feasible that no crossover point can be seen for either extremely high LCB levels or extremely low viscosities. In this situation, the test temperature must be modified. According to the Time-Temperature Superposition principle, the test temperature should be increased if the crossover point appears to be toward higher frequency and dropped if it appears to be toward lower frequency.
Beyond the capabilities of any other rubber rheometer, the RPA Ultra's fully flexible architecture enables advanced testing capabilities, such as complete post-cure viscoelastic characterization, fully programmable sealing pressure, large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), and arbitrary waveform deformations.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Oscillation Strain is
+/- 0.001° to unlimited,
‚+/- 0.014% to unlimited
-> rotational
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The well-known Mooney viscometer is typically used to test and certify the rheological properties of pure gum rubber in accordance with ISO 289. This test is often performed to determine which polymer to employ for a particular recipe. Most rubber technologists know that this method falls short in providing information on compound flow behaviour, particularly when comparing polymers with equal ML(1+4) from different suppliers. Despite the fact that more polymer suppliers are now offering this attribute, Money Stress Relaxation has enhanced polymer source discrimination but is not yet commonly used by polymer users.
Descriptive testing of gum rubber is now simple and reproducible thanks to the development of closed cavity oscillatory rheometers, also known as Moving Die Rheometers, Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers, and Rubber Process Analyzers. These devices allow for the testing of the mechanical characteristics of polymeric materials as a function of frequency at various controlled temperatures.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Oscillation frequency is 0.001 to 100 Hz.
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For rubber producers and formulators, rheometric curves are crucial because they display the processability and property values of the finished product. For the rubber processor, understanding the rheometric curve and its characteristics must be a vital component of the compounds in their daily job, not only to approve their admission into the process but also to determine the ideal times and temperatures to process it. The statistical collection of rheometric data provides the window of properties to which processing rubber is safe under the parameters specified in its procedure.
The temperature at which the rheology test is conducted directly impacts the recorded values of times on the rheometric curve.
These values get shorter as the temperature rises, although not directly proportionally.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Drive System consists of High dynamic torque motorand high resolution controller.
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The ratio of the cure rate to the cure speed: CR = 100 / (tc90-ts2)
In essence, the cure rate measures the ascending curve's linear slope.
Curing speed is the rate of crosslinking and the development of the compound's stiffness (modulus) after the point burnt (ts5). Beyond this temperature, the compound begins to transition from a soft plastic to an elastic, resilient substance.
The bonds that bind the lengthy polymer chains to one another are created during the curing step. The polymer chains join more tightly as more bonds are formed, and the compound becomes stiffer (modulus) as a result.
Curing speed is a crucial vulcanization characteristic since it controls the amount of time needed to produce the crosslink or cure time.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Die Config is Sealed die, biconical and plate-plate.
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In the rheometric curve, the following values are obtained automatically by the same device:
Time values include ts1, ts2, tc10, tc50, and tc90.
Thermoplasticity, cure speed, and reversion time are derived values.
The viscosity of the unvulcanized substance provides minimal torque.
The safety procedure is measured by the curing time.
The shear modulus or stiffness of the rubber compound is measured by the total curve.
MI (Initial Torque) (Initial Torque). It is the torque that was measured at test-start time zero.
The viscosity and torque of the compound decrease as it heats under pressure, according to the ML (minimum torque) formula. The term "ML" refers to the lowest registered torque measurement. It essentially serves as a gauge for the non-vulcanized compound's stiffness and viscosity.
MH (Maximum Torque): The torque rises proportionately as curing starts.
The slope of the rising torsion varies depending on the type of compound. The pair typically reaches its maximum value after some time. Curing reversal takes place, and the torque tends to drop if the test is run long enough. The "reversion curve" is the name given to this particular reversal curve.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer Max. cool rat is 0.5°C/.
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Knowing how rubber is crosslinked in order to determine its processability, curing time, and ultimate properties is fundamentally important in the rubber industry.
In a tool known as the Oscillating Disk Rheometer, analyses are performed for this purpose on rubber even without vulcanizing ("green rubber").
This apparatus displays the final physical qualities in addition to the crosslinking characteristics. A "fingerprint" of the vulcanizing process and its processability features can be seen in the rheometric curve that was obtained.
All of the vulcanization parameters of the rubber compound can be readily obtained from the torque vs. curing time curve.
The "rheometric curve" represents torque (force) versus real cure time. Three phases make up this curve:
Phase 1 (A): The first phase provides information about the rubber compound's processing behaviour.
Phase 2 (B): Describe the rubber compound's curing properties.
Phase 3 (C): Provides a good indication of the rubber compound's physical characteristics.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer Max. ramp rat is 1.33°C/s-> 80°C/m.
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The primary characteristic of these polymers is elasticity. The following characteristics, taken collectively, can be used to describe the usual elasticity of rubber (vulcanized):
While there are additional techniques, such as amines, silanes, anilines, and others, sulphur and peroxides currently perform the two types of crosslinking reactions that are most frequently used (by volume) in the industry.
Crosslinking of sulphur
It consists of the chemical union of sulphur atoms through bonds, which takes place in the presence of heat and pressure.
Crosslinking with peroxide
It entails employing organic peroxides to bind the polymer chains along the carbon atom chemically.
These materials exhibit higher ageing resistance at high temperatures and suffer from less compression deformation.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer Max. shear rate in oscillation is 100 1/s.
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The rubber industry provides a wide range of goods that are used in many different industries as inputs and finished goods.
The most significant users are found in the tyre, automotive assembly, plastics, storage, footwear, furniture, pharmaceutical, and generally all equipment and machinery industries (bands, cameras, packaging, etc.)
As a final rubber product, there are companies devoted to making goods with certain final attributes, such as electrical properties, resistance to permanent deformation, resistance to lubricants and gasoline, atoxicity, antimicrobials, and antifungals, among others.
A polymer, whether natural or artificial, with elastic qualities is called an elastomer or rubber. To put it another way, this polymer can deform when a force is applied, and it will roughly regain its original dimensions when the force is removed. Elastomers can be categorized chemically into between 25 and 30 groups; six of these groups account for 90% of all elastomers used today.
NextGen’s RPA Ultra – Advanced Rubber Process Analyzer Rheometer Max. shear rate in rotation is 500 1/s.
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Answer: